Fig. 2

Summary of single-cell technologies. Single-cell technologies are able to dissect multi-layered cell information lining the central dogma, ranging from genomic, and epigenomic, to transcriptomic, proteomics, and even tranlatomics. scDNA-seq allowed variant detection, and phylogeny construction, whereas scRNA-seq unravels heterogeneity based on expression dynamics. scHi-C, sc-ATAC-seq and scChIP-seq, and scMethyl-seq separately disclosed cell-specific epigenetic regulation by layers of 3D chromosomal conformation, chromosomal accessibility, DNA-binding protein and histone modifications, and DNA methylation. scMass-spectrometry allowed the dissection of the functional unit, linking direct phenotype, and scRibo-seq allowed translational profiling. Multi-omics approaches like CITE-seq allowed simultaneous profiling of transcriptomics and epitope information