Fig. 3
From: The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer
Dynamic interaction between pro- and antitumorigenic Kupffer cells (KCs) and tumor cells in primary and metastatic cancer. In primary tumors, KCs inhibit the anti-tumor response by activating signaling pathways involving PD-L1/PD-1 and galectin-9/TIM-3 in T cells. Stimulation from cancer cells leads to an increase in TREM-1 expression in KCs, promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TREM-1 deficiency results in the reduced release of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL10 by KCs, thereby suppressing HCC growth. ROS and TNF produced by KCs contribute to tumor cell proliferation. Constructed MAFB- and MAF-targeting dual sgRNA CRISPR/CasΦ vector in KCs achieved therapeutic effects. During cancer metastasis, KCs was found to decrease tumor growth by altering the expression of INOS and VEGF in cancer cells. Conversely, KCs increased tumor growth through decreased infiltration of T cells and upregulation of COX-2 expression