Table 1 The characteristics of apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis
From: The role of pyroptosis and gasdermin family in tumor progression and immune microenvironment
Type of cell death | Morphological characteristics | Inducers | Initiator caspase | Major executor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Apoptosis | Bubbling plasma membrane, shrunkern cells, chromatin aggreegation and condensation | Fas, TNFR, TRAIL-R. TLRs, DNA damage, hypoxia | Caspase-8/10/3/9/6/7 | Caspases |
Necroptosis | Disrupted plasma membrane integrity, cell contents leakage | TNFR1, Fas, LPS, TLR3/4 | Caspase-8/10 | RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL |
Ferroptosis | Shrunken mitochondria, increased membrane density and decreased mitochondrial cristae | Fe3 + , cystine, lipid peroxidation, | No | GPX4 |
Pyroptosis | Cell swelling, pore formation on cell embranes, bubbling and disrupted plasma membrane | DAMPs, PAMPs, acterial infections, LPS, chemotherapy drugs, TNF, GZMA, GZMB | Caspase-1/4/5/11/8 | Gasdermins |
Cuproptosis | Shrunken mitochondria, disrupted plasma membrane, damage to the endoplasmic reticulum | Cu2 + | No | FDX1 |