Fig. 6
From: CRISPR/Cas9 system: recent applications in immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy
Innovations of CRISPR to improve the safety and scalability of ACT. A. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cytokine knockout could avoid cytokine release syndrome (CRS). B. CRISPR/Cas9 could be used to knock out target antigens in off-target cells, such as CD7. C. CRISPR/Cas9 could be used to generate universal CAR T-cells via deleting endogenous TCR and HLA, reducing the risk of Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and alloreactivity. D. CRISPR/Cas9 could be used to generate universal TCR T-cells via knocking out endogenous TCR, overcoming on-target off-tumor challenges to broaden disease applications. Abbreviations: CRS, cytokine release syndrome; GVHD, Graft-versus-host disease; TCR, T cell receptor; KO, knock out